I know that the equator runs through a few continents, but what exactly *happens* when you enter the equator? Is the time-zones different? Weather different? Tax shelters different? (lol)

1. The currents that flow vertically are:

continental.

Coriolis waves.

thermohaline.

wind driven.

2. Which of the following would be true of a scientific theory rather than a law?

It is a proposed set of statements used to explain natural phenomena.

It is universally accepted by the scientific community.

It provides descriptions of specific relationships that occur in nature.

Scientists use a specific framework in order to test and prove them.

3. The Gulf Stream is an example of this type of large, circular surface current caused by deflections at continental margins.

density currents

gyres

prevailing currents

upwellings

4. Collaborative expeditions, like the H.M.S. Challenger, are important because

All the scientists work together to sail the ship and manage tasks.

Each scientist is able to conduct their own experiments to increase knowledge of their specialty.

Individual scientist can work alone and concentrate on one area.

Researchers with different backgrounds and interests work together to provide an in depth picture of an environment.

5. Complete each statement with the most correct term.

Match Term Definition
The Gulf Stream originates near the equator A) Warm water current.
The Labrador Current originates near the north polar region B) Cold water current.
The west wind drift circles the globe near Antarctica C) Circumpolar current.

6. These are wind driven currents and carry heat around the globe

Coriolis currents

deep ocean currents

surface currents

upwellings

7. Why is protecting the ozone layer considered so important?

It is a major component in the formation of proteins and DNA.

It is an inert, non reactive gas.

It absorbs most incoming ultraviolet radiation protecting the Earth’s surface.

Ozone is the main gas responsible for accelerating the greenhouse effect.

8. This water supply is the largest percentage of available water on Earth but requires expensive efforts to purify it for drinking, irrigation, and other uses.

river and lakes

salt water

swamp water

glaciers

9. When temperature and this measurement are very close, moisture or precipitation will form.

barometric pressure

dew point

humidity

relative humidity

10. Which of the following contributed to the initial formation of salts in the ocean?

evaporation and rainfall

fresh water from streams and rivers

vertical mixing

weathering and erosion of the crust

11. The Gulf Stream current affects land areas that it flows nearby. These cities can expect:

cooling temperatures and an increase in precipitation.

high winds and cooler weather.

no change in air temperature but a marked increase in winds.

warmer air than normal and an increase in precipitation

12. Match the statements with the correct Earth cycle.

Match Term Definition
Cryosphere A) A natural spring is sampled in Florida.
Geosphere B) Earthquakes are detected in Fiji.
Biosphere C) A hurricane is tracked in the Atlantic.
Hydrosphere D) Gorilla travel routes are monitored in the Congo.
Atmosphere E) Ice shelves are measured in Antarctica.

13. Upwellings are vertical ocean currents that bring cold _____________ water up from the ocean bottom.

nutrient rich

osmotic

oxygen

photosynthetic

ture/false
63.the central low-pressure of a hurricane is called the eye
64.hurricanes and tornadoes both spiral about a center of low pressure.
65.the most violent stroms are hurricanes
66.most tornadoes that form at the base of a cloud never reach the ground
67.thunderstorms die out when all the rain has fallen and downdrafts are changed to updrafts.
68.tornadoes usually occur at night
69.the slope of a stationary front resembles that of a cold front.
71.hurricanes get their energy from the warm ocean water.
72.hurricanes all begin within 20 degrees from the equator.

74.hurricanes are called ____in parts of the Pacific Ocean.
b.typhons, c. cyclone, d.monsoons.

75.winds at the center of a tornado may reach __mph
a.150, b.200, c.300, d.480, e.varies, ab.none

76.a downdraft in the thunderstorm is caused by?
A.lightning, B.friction of rain frops, C.a cold air mass below the cloud, D.gravity, E.hail,AB.all, AC.none

77.tornadoes that occur over water are called?

43.Polar Easterlies
44.Tradewinds
45.Prevailing Westerlies
46.Winds high in troposphere
47.Air Pressure
48.Temperature Scale
49.Barometer
50.Cyclone

a. winds between the equator and 30 degrees
b.winds between 30 & 60 degrees
c.jet stream
d.winds between 60 degerees and the poles
e.an instrument for measuring air pressure
ab.the weight of air pushing on a surface
ac.mean the opposite or against
ad.a low pressure area
ae.means without air
bc.Fahrenheit
bd.Coriolis

-SOME DEFFINITIONS WILL NOT BE USED-

i got
43.Polar Easterlies-?
44.Tradewinds-?
45.Prevailing Westerlies-D
46.Winds high in troposphere-C
47.Air Pressure-AB
48.Temperature Scale-BC
49.Barometer-E
50.Cyclone-AD

I don’t expect someone to fully answer these all for me, but Earth Science is a very weak subject for me and i’d like to do well. So if someone could at least help me out by eliminating one or two wrong answers that would amazing. Thank you all very much. Have a wonderful day and God bless.

1. Complete the statement by selecting the correct ending phrase. Statement: Winds blow…

a. counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the southern hemisphere

b. from the cold fronts toward warm fronts

c. from areas of low pressure to areas of high pressure

d. from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure

2. What causes the wind zones of the earth?

a. the presence of sustained low pressure over the poles and high pressures over the equator and the Coriolis effect

b. the presence of sustained high pressure over the poles and low pressures over the equator and the Coriolis effect

c. the action of the jet stream along with the presence of low pressures over the poles

d. the high insolation over the poles and low insolation over the equator along with the Coriolis effect

3. What name is given to a warm and moist air mass?

a. tropical maritime

b. tropical continental

c. polar maritime

d. polar continental

4. What is orographic uplift?

a. It is lifting caused by fronts.

b. It is lifting caused by mountains.

c. It is lifting caused by convection currents.

d. It is lifting caused by the jet stream.

5. How do cold fronts produce stormy weather?

a. Warm moist air ahead of the front is uplifted as the front passes, causing the moisture to condense and precipitate.

b. Cold air behind the front causes the water vapor to evaporate, producing the storm.

c. The warm air mixes with the cold air along the front, creating low pressure and storms.

d. The cold air holds more water vapor than the warm air, thus it must precipitate out as rain or snow.

6. What is a wave cyclone?

a. It is a type of cold frontal uplift that occurs in waves along a squall line.

b. It is the rise in sea level of the water underneath a hurricane.

c. It is a spiraling storm system at the boundary between the polar air and the warm mid-latitude air.

d. It is the process of storm development over the mountains as air is uplifted by the mountain slopes.

7. What effect has Doppler radar had on weather forecasting?

a. It has helped monitor storms as they approach a region.

b. It has helped track rain droplets, hailstones, and wind patterns within a storm.

c. It has helped monitor thunderstorms, which may create tornados.

d. All of these are true.

8. What benefits have weather satellites provided?

a. They have gathered vast quantities of data which has improved our weather prediction abilities.

b. They have save lives by giving us advanced warning of storms.

c. They have provided data over remote regions of the earth like the poles and tropical jungles.

d. All of these are correct.

9. Which weather event/atmospheric property is not correctly matched with its measuring instrument?

a. wind direction and speed—anemometer and wind vane

b. humidity—manometer

c. air pressure—barometer

d. temperature—thermometer

10. How are weather graphs like those you analyzed in this lesson useful?

a. The graphs show patterns that may not be apparent in the numerical data.

b. The graphs track rain droplets, hailstones, and wind patterns within a storm.

c. The graphs are used to monitor thunderstorms, which may create tornados.

d. They are useful to predict changes in the Coriolis effect.

11. When is the relative humidity usually the highest?

a. in the early morning

b. in the late afternoon

c. during noontime

d. just after sunset

12. What is the relationship between low pressure and precipitation?

a. Precipitation usually occurs at times of low pressure.

b. Precipitation usually occurs at times of high pressure.

c. Precipitation usually occurs at times of stable pressure.

d. Precipitation occurs at any time; there is no relationship.

13. Which is not a myth of tornados?

a. Areas near mountains or bodies of water are safe from tornados.

b. Tornados usually occur in the spring but can happen during any season.
c. The low pressure in the funnel cloud can cause buildings to explode.

d. Opening windows during a storm is a good idea.

14. Which statement is not a safety rule when faced with an approaching thunderstorm?

a. Find a safe place to go; a basement or interior room without windows is best.

b. Know the geography of your home county including place names and directions.

c. Check the weather forecast before planning a trip or outdoor activity, especially in the spring and summer months.

d. Large rooms like a gymnasium or church meeting hall are best during a severe storm.

Did you ever read the Global Cooling article?

Did you ever read the Global Cooling article?

The Cooling World (Blast From The Past Archived Newsweek Article Warning About "Global Cooling")
Newsweek ^ | April 28, 1975

Posted on 10/02/2003 10:21:17 AM PDT by presidio9

There are ominous signs that the Earth’s weather patterns have begun to change dramatically and that these changes may portend a drastic decline in food production– with serious political implications for just about every nation on Earth. The drop in food output could begin quite soon, perhaps only 10 years from now. The regions destined to feel its impact are the great wheat-producing lands of Canada and the U.S.S.R. in the North, along with a number of marginally self-sufficient tropical areas – parts of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Indochina and Indonesia – where the growing season is dependent upon the rains brought by the monsoon.

The evidence in support of these predictions has now begun to accumulate so massively that meteorologists are hard-pressed to keep up with it. In England, farmers have seen their growing season decline by about two weeks since 1950, with a resultant overall loss in grain production estimated at up to 100,000 tons annually. During the same time, the average temperature around the equator has risen by a fraction of a degree – a fraction that in some areas can mean drought and desolation. Last April, in the most devastating outbreak of tornadoes ever recorded, 148 twisters killed more than 300 people and caused half a billion dollars’ worth of damage in 13 U.S. states.

To scientists, these seemingly disparate incidents represent the advance signs of fundamental changes in the world’s weather. Meteorologists disagree about the cause and extent of the trend, as well as over its specific impact on local weather conditions. But they are almost unanimous in the view that the trend will reduce agricultural productivity for the rest of the century. If the climatic change is as profound as some of the pessimists fear, the resulting famines could be catastrophic. “A major climatic change would force economic and social adjustments on a worldwide scale,” warns a recent report by the National Academy of Sciences, “because the global patterns of food production and population that have evolved are implicitly dependent on the climate of the present century.”

A survey completed last year by Dr. Murray Mitchell of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration reveals a drop of half a degree in average ground temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere between 1945 and 1968. According to George Kukla of Columbia University, satellite photos indicated a sudden, large increase in Northern Hemisphere snow cover in the winter of 1971-72. And a study released last month by two NOAA scientists notes that the amount of sunshine reaching the ground in the continental U.S. diminished by 1.3% between 1964 and 1972.

To the layman, the relatively small changes in temperature and sunshine can be highly misleading. Reid Bryson of the University of Wisconsin points out that the Earth’s average temperature during the great Ice Ages was only about seven degrees lower than during its warmest eras – and that the present decline has taken the planet about a sixth of the way toward the Ice Age average. Others regard the cooling as a reversion to the “little ice age” conditions that brought bitter winters to much of Europe and northern America between 1600 and 1900 – years when the Thames used to freeze so solidly that Londoners roasted oxen on the ice and when iceboats sailed the Hudson River almost as far south as New York City.

Just what causes the onset of major and minor ice ages remains a mystery. “Our knowledge of the mechanisms of climatic change is at least as fragmentary as our data,” concedes the National Academy of Sciences report. “Not only are the basic scientific questions largely unanswered, but in many cases we do not yet know enough to pose the key questions.”

Meteorologists think that they can forecast the short-term results of the return to the norm of the last century. They begin by noting the slight drop in overall temperature that produces large numbers of pressure centers in the upper atmosphere. These break up the smooth flow of westerly winds over temperate areas. The stagnant air produced in this way causes an increase in extremes of local weather such as droughts, floods, extended dry spells, long freezes, delayed monsoons and even local temperature increases – all of which have a direct impact on food supplies.

“The world’s food-producing system,” warns Dr. James D. McQuigg of NOAA’s Center for Climatic and Environmental Assessment, “is much more sensitive to the weather variable than it was even five years ago.” Furthermore, the growth of world population and creation of new national boundaries make it impossible for starving peoples to migrate from their devastated fields, as they did during past famines.

Climatologists are pessimistic that political leaders will take any positive action to compensate for the climatic change, or even to allay its effects. They concede that some of the more spectacular solutions proposed, such as melting the Arctic ice cap by covering it with black soot or diverting arctic rivers, might create problems far greater than those they solve. But the scientists see few signs that government leaders anywhere are even prepared to take the simple measures of stockpiling food or of introducing the variables of climatic uncertainty into economic projections of future food supplies. The longer the planners delay, the more difficult will they find it to cope with climatic change once the results become grim reality.